This article proposes a conceptual framework for programming, identifying elements key to protecting children in any environment as well as the factors that strengthen or undermine the protection available. Using this shared platform for analysis, human rights and development actors can bring greater coherence to activities that strengthen child protection. (…)This article first will summarize the current state of children’s protection from violence, exploitation, and abuse. Noting that activities by donors and agencies in support of child protection have focused on legal reform and on service delivery, the article suggests the need to adopt an approach that considers a range of systemic factors, stressing prevention alongside palliation. Only such broader, systemic child protection strategies will have lasting impact.