This publication is produced within the project of “Social Protection Reform of the World Fit for Children” initiated by the international organisation Save the Children in 2012 in cooperation with the national organisations of civil society, NGO Atina and Group 484, funded by the European Commission, Open Society Fund in Serbia and Save the Children Norway. The initiative for the implementation of the project was motivated by the intention to enable children on the move in the Republic of Serbia have access to appropriate services of social protection system based on the rights of the child, and the first step in achieving this goal was the establishment of the characteristics of children on the move in the Republic of Serbia, international standards in this field and adequacy and adaptability assessment of the existing protection system to the dynamic phenomenon of transnational dimensions. The analysis shall serve the purpose of the starting point for the improvement of the protection system and services fit for the child, bearing in mind the specificity and complexity of position of children on the move in Serbia. Although children of all groups of children on the move are exposed to various risks and are vulnerable, they are not treated in the same manner by the system of protection in Serbia, or are recognised by the practitioners, experts and decision makers as a special group. It is the lack of knowledge and documented experience on this group of children and disharmony in the practice pertaining to them, that were the reason for the research that represents the first attempt to operationalize the term “children on the move” and contextualise this phenomenon in Serbia.